35 Waterend House and Area (built in 1610) (35.html)

Location (Lat. Long.): 51°48'37" N 0°15'18" W
wikidata: Q17555385 viz.Identifier(NHLforEngland)#:110367
(In wikidata, click on non-underlined weblink:110367 to see the information)
Historic England List Entry #: 1103637
(See contribution by David Cole in 2020.)
OS Grid Reference: TL203138
National Grid Reference (NGR) Listing #: TL2039313849
English Heritage Legacy ID: 164031
British Listed Buildings #: 101103637
Legacy (LBS) System number: 164031
Private Telephone (2019): 07736 880810
Street Address: Waterend Ln, St Albans AL4 8EP, UK

Disambiguation:
This WaterEnd House [near Wheathampstead] is not to be confused with Water End House at Hemel Hempstead. Nor should it be confused with the Waterend Barn ( a pub in St. Albans). Waterend Barn was originally part of the WaterEnd Farm belonging to WaterEnd House. Prior to its relocation to St. Peter's St in St Albans in 1938, the barn was situated on the banks of the River Lea close to WaterEnd House. There is also an unrelated Waterend Farm in the Severn Valley near the Cotswold area in Western England. Furthermore is should not be confused with the future (as of 2019) Waterend House by Kirkland Fraser Moor in Aldbury, TRING, Hertfordshire. There is also an unrelated Waterend Farm in Longney, Gloucestershire.

A more extensive list of relevant disambiguations can be seen by searching for "Water End" at WikiPedia.

Description
Water End Farm House, Sandridge/Wheathamstead Water End was originally part of the Manor and Parish of Sandridge, but was closer to Ayot St Peter and is now part of the Parish of Wheathampstead. (See Source 40.)

Introduction:
The Ayot Estate forms what was the Western part of the Brocket Estate. The estate derives its name from the word Ayot, which is particular to Hertfordshire and means a high place, an island between two rivers.

One of the most significant houses – Waterend House is a large Jacobean house which lies on the River Lea and was built in 1611 by Sir John Jennings aka Jennyns, Jenyns, Jenyngs (1596-1642) (Source 43) , a member of the Long Parliament for St Albans. His daughter Sarah Jennings, (by his second wife Alice Spencer) who became the First Duchess of Marlborough (1660-1744) was given the house.

The estate [located 24 miles from Hyde Park Corner in London] incorporates many historic features, among these are a network of ironage earthworks. One of these, The Devils Dyke [in nearby Wheathampstead] is thought to have been the capital of Cassivellaunus, who fought Julius Caesar in 54 BC.

The family are still actively involved in the management of the estate today. (See Source 39)

Webmaster's Note:
[David KC COLE, writes:] My grandfather, Charles (Charley) Percy COLE (1884-1966), was born and raised at Waterend House, located 1.5 miles east of the center of Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire, England. (More information and pictures are presented later in this article.) His father, James William COLE (1851-1923), rented WaterEnd farm from the Brocket Estate. At that time, the Brocket Estate was owned by the 7th Earl of Cowper (1834-1905), the great-grandson of William Willoughby Cole (1736-1803) [fsid: L1QB-D18]. The relationship (if any exists) between James COLE and the wealthy William Willoughby COLE is unknown. Charley always claimed that his ancestors included a Lord Mayor of London. In his book, Coles of Devon (Source 7, publ. 1867) James Edwin-Cole includes William Willoughby Cole and identifies numerous Lord Mayors of London in his family tree.

The ancient church, St Helens church in Wheathampstead, 1.5 miles West of WaterEnd House, includes the graves of various persons named Cole, eg Leslie COLE (1903-1982), who are related to the webmaster, David Cole. This church was named after St Helen, the mother of Constantine, the Great. Some historians claimed (in error) that St Helen was princess Helena (Sources 8 and 9), the daughter of Old King Cole, himself. Source 9 is a children's story based on a biography of this fabled Princess Helena. This story, a fable, was written by David KC Cole, the webmaster of this site.

Rare Views of Waterend House

Shown below is one of the earliest images of Waterend House. This is a photo of a drawing made by J.D. Buckler, circa 1830. It was found in Source 19, the Hertfordshire Genealogy site, operated by Chris Reynolds. To search the Hertfordshire Genealogy site, use the magnifying glass that is located about 25% of the way down the right-hand side of its Home Page.

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thumb: Rear View of Waterend House (1830)

Rear View of Waterend House (1830)

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thumb: 5838537339_a25cb4e6fd_z.jpg

Aerial View of WaterEnd House (c2000)

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thumb: WaterEndHouse_OverheadView_2020GJul07.jpg

Directly Overhead View of WaterEnd House (c2020)

The aerial view of WaterEnd House (in the center) shows its proximity to the River Lea, which appears in the bottom right-hand quarter of the photo. The River Lea appears as a dark blue band. The size of the house can be reckoned by comparing it to the size of the two vehicles seen in the photo. The aerial view picture in the center and others can be seen at Source 38.

The directly overhead view of WaterEnd House (on the right) is from Google Maps. Due North is Up (as usual). Google Maps overlays the names of Waterend Ln and the River Lea on this photo. This photo is probably viewed from satellite; with WaterEnd House appearing slightly smaller than in the center photo. Note that this right-hand photo (when enlarged by clicking on it) shows the scale of the photo (with a line that represents 20 meters in the extreme bottom right hand corner). By this scale, the dimensions of WaterEnd House are approximately 23 meters by 13.5 meters.

Shown below (left) is a rare winter view of the West side of WaterEnd House through the leafless deciduous trees. This photo also comes from Google Maps.

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thumb: WaterEndHouse_2009Feb.jpg

Winter View of WaterEnd House from the West on 2009 Feb

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thumb: Wheathampstead_Library_Mystery_pic_2-559x400.jpg

Winter View of WaterEnd House 14 April 1933

On the right (above) is another winter view of WaterEnd House, taken in 1933, before the removal of the barn. More information can be seen in Source 42.

Waterend House (Google Maps Street View as of 2014)

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thumb: Waterend House (built in 1610)

Waterend House (built in 1610)

Waterend House (2005)

The following photo was taken by Rob Hinkley on 2 April 2005.

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thumb: Waterend House (2005)

Waterend House (built in 1610)

Waterend House (Cussans)

For more information, refer to Cussans or Water End, Sandridge. the latter has many other photos of Water End House. It also mentions the census of 1881 which lists James COLE, the father of Charles COLE who is mentioned later in this article.

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thumb: Waterend House (Cussans)

Waterend House (Cussans)

Waterend House: It is situated in Sandridge, Hertford, England (at postal code AL4 8EP) on Waterend Lane, just north of the bridge (formerly a ford) where the ancient roman road crosses the river Lee.

Many more pictures of WaterEnd House and the surrounding area can be found at (Source 21 ) Water End House, Sandridge Pictures.

The Google Map location named "Waterend House Wheathampstead" shows the following text.

It is situated just north of the place where the ancient roman road crosses the river Lee. An ancient homestead in the parish is Waterend. In the time of King John, Thebridge, now known as Waterend, was held by Viel de Thebridge, a free tenant of the abbot of St. Albans. It is believed that the builder of the existing house was Sir John Jennings, who built it in 1610. It is the oldest existing house in the parish. It is a good example of an early seventeenth century red brick house on an E-shaped plan. There are two storeys and an attic with large moulded brick string courses between the storeys. The roof is tiled. The west front has three projecting windows with stone mullions and transoms carried up to the attic, and above them are three steep, straight gables, with moulded coping. At the back are three large chimney stacks, with groups of octagonal shafts, which nave moulded bases and caps. The inside of this private house is now much altered, but in the kitchen there is a wide arched fireplace, and there is an original winding oak staircase of plain character. [More info at http://www.ePhotoCaption.com/a/35/35.html ]

In 2005, DCole discovered a web page at Brockets that described the owners of WaterEnd House. (Source 30 also describes the purchase of WaterEnd Barn by the Thrale family.) A copy of the Brockets writing is stored under the name of "historic_sandridge_9.htm" on a computer owned by DCole. The relevant text is:

An ancient homestead in the parish is Waterend. In the time of King John, Thebridge, now known as Waterend, was held by Viel de Thebridge, a free tenant of the abbot of St. Albans. The oldest extant document concerning Sandridge relates to Waterend, where in 1248 a conveyance of land was made. John Fitzsimon died in possession of a homestead and dovecote at Waterend in 1304. He rented the property from the nuns of Sopwell in St. Albans, from whence the supposed authoress of the famed "Boke of St. Albans" was reputed to hail. Fitzsimon paid partly in money and partly by aid to the abbot of St. Albans. The manor then remained in the possession of the Fitzsimon family for a hundred years. When in 1437 Elizabeth Fitzsimon married Thomas Brocket, the Brockets were to hold the manor until 1590. This family was prominent in the neighbourhood, as the memorials in Wheathampstead church testify. As happened to nearly all the land in the parish, the manor passed to the Jennings family. It is believed that the builder of the existing house was Sir John Jennings, who built it in 1610. It is the oldest existing house in the parish. It is a good example of an early seventeenth century red brick house on an E-shaped plan. There are two storeys and an attic with large moulded brick string courses between the storeys. The roof is tiled. The west front has three projecting windows with stone mullions and transoms carried up to the attic, and above them are three steep, straight gables, with moulded coping. At the back are three large chimney stacks, with groups of octagonal shafts, which nave moulded bases and caps. The inside is now much altered, but in the kitchen there is a wide arched fireplace, and there is an original winding oak staircase of plain character.

Ayot St. Peter

In the Introduction, the word "Ayot" was defined as follows:

The estate derives its name from the word Ayot, which is particular to Hertfordshire and means a high place, an island between two rivers.

Source 41 (written in 1825) describes Ayot St. Peter (and Ayott St.Lawrence) on page 43 as follows:

AYOTT, ST. LAWRENCE, a par. in the hund. of Broadwater, Herts, 8 m N. from Hatfield, and 27 from London; containing 24 ho. and 160 inhab. It stands between the rivers Lea and Kempton. The church was rebuilt in 1779, by Sir Lionel Lyde, the patron of the rectory, which is valued at 8l, 13s , 4d.

AYOT, ST. PETER, 3 m. distant from the former, nearer Hatfield; containing 50 houses and 233 inhabitants. It is a rectory, value 7l, 8s, 6d.

From the above we should deduce that the Ayot Estate is named after the high piece of land between the rivers Lea and [erroneously] Kempton. However, modern descriptions of Ayot St. Lawrence indicate that it is near the River Mimram that joins the River Lea at Hertford. Furthermore Google Maps does not list any River Kempton. Closer examination of Google Maps in that area show that a village named Kimpton exists near the River Mimram and a Kimpton Road follows the River Mimram. The conclusion of the webmaster is that Source 41 should have said that Ayott St.Lawrence stands between the rivers Lea and Mimram [not Kempton]. Perhaps the names have changed over the years. The "dated" river name and the "dated" spelling of the town in Source 41 were misleading. Many such minor errors (or ancient nomenclature) exist in books. They do not mean that the whole book is wrong.

Earl of Cowper and Brocket Estate

The many Earls of Cowper (pronounced "Cooper") owned Brocket Estate. Anne Florence De Grey was the daughter of Henrietta Frances Cole and Thomas Phillip Weddel Robinson de Grey. Anne Florence de Grey married George Augustus, the 6th Earl of Cowper. This relationship can be seen in the family tree shown below and in Source 5:

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thumb: Tree: George Cowper and his Grandfather Willoughby Cole

thumb: Tree: George Cowper and his Grandfather Willoughby Cole

Tree: George Cowper and his Grandfather Willoughby Cole

In the family tree shown above, from Source 5, one sees that William Willoughby Cole (1736-1803) [ updated fsid: L1QB-D18] was the grandfather and Henrietta Frances Cole (1784-1828) was the mother, of Ann Florence de Grey who married George Augustus Frederick Cowper (1806-1856), the 6th Earl of Cowper (see Source 6). The Earls of Cowper, Augustus Cowper and then his son, Frances Thomas Cowper (1834-1905), owned both Panhanger Estate and the Brocket Estate. They also inherited the Wrest Park estate from the de Grey family.

In Source 20, The Parish Story (of Ayot St Peter), we read how Brocket Hall was owned by the Cowper family during the 18th and 19th centuries:

The land in the parish owned by Lords Melbourne and Cowper formed part of the Brocket Estate. The estate was bought by Matthew Lamb in 1746. It was Matthew Lamb, who became a baronet, who pulled down the old Tudor Brocket Hall in about 1751 and built the current house (and the pair of gatehouses now called 13 and 15 Ayot Green) to the design of James Paine (1716-89), Source 26 and Source 27. On Sir Matthew’s death in 1768 the estate devolved to his son Sir Peniston Lamb Bt., who was later created 1st Viscount Melbourne. The 1st Viscount’s son William, the 2nd Viscount, had the estate from his father’s death in 1828. It passed to William’s brother Frederick James, the 3rd and last Viscount, in 1848. Then on his death it passed to his sister Emily Mary Lamb. She married, first, the 5th Earl Cowper (who died in 1837) and, secondly, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (who died in 1865). On the death of Lady Palmerston in 1869 the estate passed to her grandson the 7th Earl Cowper (his father having predeceased him). Lord Cowper preferred Panshanger, and Brocket Hall was accordingly let, often to distinguished tenants. Lord Cowper died on 19 July 1905 without a male heir, and the estate passed to his sister, Lady Amabel, who was married to Admiral of the Fleet Sir Walter Talbot Kerr (later Lord Kerr). The Kerrs moved to Melbourne Hall in Derbyshire in 1922-23 when the estate was sold to Sir Charles Alexander Nall-Cain, DL, JP, who became the 1st Baron Brocket in 1933. He died on 21 November 1934 and was succeeded as 2nd Baron by his son Arthur Ronald Charles Manus Nall-Cain, who died on 24 March 1967 and was succeeded by his grandson Charles (b. 1952), the present and 3rd Baron Brocket. Charles’ father Ronald had died at his home in Gloucestershire in 1961 and thus had predeceased the 2nd Baron. Coincidentally, Ronald’s general practitioner was Dr. Graham Dowler, the father of Ruth Shirley. Ronald had a brother David (b. 1930) and a sister Elizabeth (b. 1938). Charles has two brothers, Richard (b. 1953) and David (b. 1955). Charles’ uncle David had a son James (b. 1961) and two daughters, Caroline (b. 1959) and Annabel (b. 1963). James and his wife Sarah-Jane live at Waterend House. Lady Brocket, the 2nd Baron’s widow, died in 1975.

COLE and BRIMLEY Relationships

The following notes are attached to Daniel COLE (1814-1898) [fsid: L6NP-XG7] who married Emma nee COLES. For more information refer to Source 32 where you can find a memory document attached to Daniel COLE at FamilySearch. This memory document was created by David KC COLE (the webmaster) to show visually the relationship between Emma BRIMLEY [ fsid: MMJK-36X ] and Daniel COLE.

[E_Cole5H17.GED]

[Cole5H17.GED]

DC0001 SOURCE=FTREE# 86 Born in Hawnes,Beds., (also spelled Haynes, Bedfordshire), south of the city of Bedford. Les COLE (and his daughter Ann) say that some older COLES are buried in St Helen's churchyard, but I have not seen their gravestones there. Presumably the older COLEs buried there are Daniel COLE and his wife Emma COLE. /DC0001

DC0075 On 24 Oct, 1984, Irene JEZEK writes "At the census office, I found that Daniel COLE owned Chase Farm from 1851 (or before, not in 1841) up until 1881 Census (and possibly later). /DC0075

DC0069 I [David COLE b. 1944] have since looked Daniel COLE up on the 1881 census. I found Daniel, Emma and three of their sons, Alfred, Bertie and Edwin. All the sons were born in Barnet, Middlesex, and Emma's place of birth was Cotton End. The family was living at Chase Farm, South Mim[m]s, Middlesex. Daniel was a farmer of 250 acres employing 3 men. I also noted that the following persons were also residing at Chase farm at the time of the 1881 census: Eleanor GRAHAM age 54, b. Thurton Le Feuer, Lincoln, England Occupation: housekeeper Albert HART age 17, b. Halstead, Essex, England , Occupation: labourer Ellen HOWARD age 14, b. P Bar, Engand, Occupation: visitor /DC0069

DC0167 The following notes compiled (from source 37) concerning William Gutteridge BRIMLEY (1786-1867) mention Daniel COLE and his son James W. COLE. William left Huntingdon, Beds and went to work for a Mr. COLE [Daniel Cole(1820-1898) fsid: L6NP-XG7 ], a London business man who owned a farm [Chase farm] on the outskirts of Potters Bar. It seems more than a coincidence that the three of them went to live in the same district. Mr Daniel COLE had a son [James W. COLE (1851-1923)] who became a tenant farmer at Water End, Wheathampstead, Herts. The property belonged to the Earl COWPER of Panshanger Park. (Welwyn Garden City now stands on the site and Panshanger Hall has been demolished.) William was offered a job there and moved to Water End where he went to lodge with. . . Maria CHANDLER, who was born at Cromer Hyde near Lemsford, Herts on 5th September 1857. The next note (by source DC0075 which is the England census 1871) does cite an Emma BRIMLEY living with Daniel COLE and Emma (Nee COLES) in 1871. This adds much credibility to these notes by source DC0167. Refer to a subsequent note by DCole (Source DC0001) where John BRIMLEY is the grandfather of William Gutteridge BRIMLEY (1786-1867) is also the great-grandfather of Daniel COLE (1814-1898). They do not share a common grandmother because John BRIMLEY (1715-1780) had more than one wife. Two wives of John BRIMLEY make Joseph BRIMLEY (b. 1760) the step-brother of Sarah BRIMLEY (1763-1788). If it were not for the two wives, Emma BRIMLEY (b. c 1842) would be a true niece of Daniel COLE (1814-1898). /DC0167

DC0075 At the time of the 1871 England Census (source DC0007), Emma BRIMLEY was living with Daniel COLE and Emma COLE. The census entry was: Emma Brimley niece 30 Housekeeper b. Willington, Beds. The exact census reference code is unknown because it was not recorded by source DC0075 (B.Warren). For more information about the relationship between Emma BRIMLEY and Daniel COLE, see the following note by source DC0001 (DCole). /DC0075

DC0001 I was intrigued by the Emma BRIMLEY who was living with Daniel COLE during the England Census of 1871. So I searched for a "direct" "niece" (of Daniel COLE) named Emma BRIMLEY. Taking "niece" to mean "daughter of a sibling", no Emma BRIMLEY was found to be a niece of Daniel COLE. In fact, the closest "niece" of any kind that I could find was the daughter of William BRIMLEY (b. 1817). This was before I had discovered Mary SAVAGE and her descendants. (The part of the descent below "Note 7" had not yet been added.) The relationship is shown below (where "=" or "x" means marriage):
    Ann HICKLEY (c1729-1756)        =         JOHN BRIMLEY    =   MARY JONES (1728-1807)       Note 6
    --Joseph BRIMLEY (b. 1760)                 (1715-1780)        --SARAH BRIMLEY (1763-1788)
      x Jane GUTTERIDGE (b.1762)              FSID:L4TQ-5NH         x THOMAS COLE (b.bef.1759)
        --William Gutteridge BRIMLEY (1786-1867)                      --JAMES COLE (1783-1851)
          x Peggy FARR (c1790-1863)                                     x MARIA LINE (c1782-aft.1851)
            --William BRIMLEY (b. 1817)                                   --DANIEL COLE (1814 or 1820-1898) FSID: L6NP-XG7
              x Unknown                                                     x EMMA COLES (1821-1913)
                --Emily BRIMLEY (b. c1842)  Note 9                            --JAMES W. COLE (1851-1923) Note 7
            --Charles BRIMLEY (b. 1814)                           --James BRIMLEY (1773-1838)
              x Sarah Mercy TWITCHELL (b.1826)                      x Mary SAVAGE b1775   FSID: KN4J-77R
            -- 9 other siblings                                       --Eli BRIMLEY (1808-)
                                                                        x Sarah b1814
                                                                      --John BRIMLEY b1804 Cople
                                                                        x Elizabeth Anne COLE b1816 Cotton End  FSID: MMJ2-6N7 Note 8
                                                                          --Emma BRIMLEY b c1841  Note 9  FSID: MMJK-36X

Note 6: John BRIMLEY had a third wife named Elizabeth WILLAMOT
Note 7: JAMES COLE and his ancestors have their given names capitalized to show that they are my direct ancestors
Note 8: How is Elizabeth Anne COLE related to my COLE family, if any relationship exists?
         Ancestry (Source 36) shows that she married John BRIMLEY on May 31, 1836 in Willington, Bedfordshire.
         Unfortunately Source 34 for Marriages in Willington, Beds begins the very next year in 1837.
         Elizabeth Anne COLE is the daughter of Thomas COLE (1790-) and Mary. Parents of Thomas COLE are unknown.
Note 9: The question is: Is Emily BRIMLEY b c1842 or Emma BRIMLEY b1841 the person lving with Daniel COLE in 1871?
                                                                        
William Gutteridge BRIMLEY (above) can be found as father of a groom in Willington, Beds. in Source 34.

Using English phraseology we have two possibilities:

Case 1:
"Daniel COLE's grandmother Sarah BRIMLEY was the step-sister of Emily BRIMLEY's great-grandfather Joseph BRIMLEY". The step-sister relationship occurs because John BRIMLEY (1715-1780) was married to Ann HICKLEY in 1760 when son Joseph was born. John BRIMLEY (1715-1780) was married to Mary JONES in 1763 when daughter Sarah BRIMLEY was born. The Emma BRIMLEY (b. c1841) in the Census of 1871 (who was living with Daniel COLE) could be Emily BRIMLEY who was mentioned by source DC0167, to be a descendant (or daughter) of William Gutteridge BRIMLEY (1786-1867). But only if Emma is a diminutive name for Emily. Indeed, Emily BRIMLEY (b. c1842) is one generation younger than Daniel COLE and Emma COLES.

Case 2:
"Daniel COLE and Emma BRIMLEY (b1841) are second cousins having identical great-grandparents (JOHN BRIMLEY and MARY JONES). In this case, Emma BRIMLEY (b1841) would be in the same generation as Daniel COLE. The exact wording of the 1871 Census entry was:

Emma Brimley niece 30 Housekeeper b. Willington, Beds. . . . Census 1871

CONCLUSION:
Clearly, this above line of the 1871 census report was wrong. Either Emma's name should have been written "Emily" or the relationship should have been "second cousin" instead of "niece". In 1871, the age of Daniel COLE was 57, so most people would consider Emma (age 30) to be a niece rather than a cousin of his same generation. The author, David KC COLE, believes June Munday who affirmed this same conclusion without question when she wrote to David Cole (see the 3rd decent below). The conclusion of David COLE as of 2019 J Oct 29 is that:
Emma BRIMLEY (b1841) was indeed the second cousin (not the niece) of Daniel COLE.
***************************************************************************

The first William BRIMLEY (1842-1899) and his descendants are not yet listed in the davidcole3 database because their relationship to the author (David KC Cole) was not known prior to Oct 2019. The WebMaster's tree at Ancestry has been updated. The descendancy, that of William BRIMLEY (1842-1899, is as follows:
         James BRIMLEY 1773-1838  FSID: KN4N-NQ3
         x Mary SAVAGE b1775      FSID: KN4J-77R
           --Eli BRIMLEY b1809 FSID: LTKR-BZZ
             x Sarah b1814
               --James b 1841
               --John b 1847
               --Joseph b 1849
               --Frances BRIMLEY b1851
                 x ? BIRD
                 --John BB BIRD b1859 FSID: G3D5-HF9
               --Eli BRIMLEY Jr                                 Note 5
               --William BRIMLEY (1842-1899) FSID: 9KZS-CWQ
                 x Maria CHANDLER (1857-1950) FSID: 9KZS-C4D 
                   --William BRIMLEY (1878-)
                   --Lillian BRIMLEY (1881-1902)
                   --Herbert (Bob) BRIMLEY (1883-1979) 
                     x Margaret TROTT (-1967)
                       --George (Bob) H. BRIMLEY (1921-)   NB The researcher.
                         x Eileen M. FRY
                           --Robert George BRIMLEY (1943-) NB Source DC0167.
                             x Sandra SNATCHEL
                               --Lindsy BRIMLEY (1974-)
                   --John BRIMLEY (1886-1888)
                   --Lucy BRIMLEY
                   --Charles BRIMLEY (c1880-c1880)

        Note 5: Eli BRIMLEY Jr may not exist
Note that none of the descendants of the Eli BRIMLEY (mentioned above) appear in this database as individuals. Recent work has now (as of Oct 2019) linked all 3 descents. Mary SAVAGE now appears in all 3 of the above descents. The author has now linked together all 3 descents by modifying the FamilySearch database (although many duplicates remain). For more information about the BRIMLEYs mentioned in this note, see the notes attached to William Gutteridge BRIMLEY (1786-1867) in the davidcole3 database. The above Herbert BRIMLEY (and his Mother's CHANDLER ancestors) can be found in Source 33 in a WorldConnect database by Matthew HUDSON. /BrimleyEmma.rtf /DC0001

The following descent was created based on information provided by June (or Jane) Munday:

  Emma BRIMLEY b c1841
  was living with
  Daniel COLE b1814
  during the Eng. Census of 1871

  1 Thomas BRIMLEY
  ..m Elizabeth ?
  ....2 Samuel BRIMLEY
  ......m Elizabeth TENNANT 1689-1760
  ........3 John BRIMLEY b c1715
  ..........m Mary JONES b 1729 Cople
  ............4 Sarah BRIMLEY b 1759-1788
  ..............m Thomas COLE b 1759
  ................5 James COLE b 1783
  ..................m Maria LINE b c 1782  FSID KC48-631 
                         BEWARE may be a different Mary FSID: KH6J-CV8  Note 4
  ....................6 Daniel COLE b 1814-1898
  ......................m Emma nee COLES b 1821-1913
  ............4 James BRIMLEY b c1773             FSID: KN4N-NQ3
  ..............m Mary SAVAGE b 1775 Cople m1803  FSID: KN4J-77R
  ................5 John BRIMLEY b1804 Cople      FSID: MMJ2-6FT m 31 May 1836 Willington, Beds.
  ..................m Elizabeth Anne COLE b1816   FSID: MMJ2-6N7 b:Cotton End
  ....................6 ?Marianne BRIMLEY b 1837
  ....................6 Emma BRIMLEY b c1841
  ....................6 ?Harriet BRIMLEY b 1842   FSID: G3D5-4HJ
  ....................6 ?Sarah BRIMLEY b 1844
  ....................6 ?Elizabeth BRIMLEY b 1846
  ....................6 ?Charles BRIMLEY b 1848
  ................5 Eli BRIMLEY b1808     FSID: KH8T-M4Q  & LTKR-BZZ
  ................5 Levi BRIMLEY b1811    FSID: KZ8Q-Y9S


  Emma BRIMLEY (b c 1841) and Daniel COLE (b1814)
  had common great-grandparents named
  John BRIMLEY (b c1715) and Mary JONES

  Source: Jane Munday email to David Cole in 2???
  Note 1: The PostEm at worldconnect was lost so
          the above has been recreated with current
          dates (by David KC Cole in 2019 J Oct 27).
  Note 2: All of the above people have been
          entered into the FamilySearch database.
  Note 3: Generation 6 names with "?" were found
          in FamilySearch in 2019.
  Note 4: Maria LINE and Mary might be different people
               Mary       KH6J-CV8  & James COLE LYW1-1PZ
            or Maria Line KC48-631  & James COLE LYW1-1PZ
            or Maria      MMLJ-Y5Y
  Note 5: the identifiers preceded by FSID: are FamilySearch identifiers.

  /saved with article 35
  /BRIMLEY_Emma_bc1841.txt

(Charley) son of (James William) son of (Daniel) son of (James Cole)

In 1884, my grandfather, Charles (Charley) Percy Cole, was born in Water End House. His father, James William Cole (1851-1923), rented WaterEnd House and WaterEnd farm indirectly from the 7th Earl of Cowper, who owned the Brocket Estate. I believe that the following is not a coincidence. Another member of the extended Cole family [in which I include James William Cole (1851-1923)], named Henrietta Frances Cole (1784-1848) was the grandmother of the 7th Earl of Cowper, Francis Thomas de Grey Cowper (1834-1905) who owned Brocket Estate in the late 1800s. However, the exact relationship between these two Coles is unknown, if indeed it exists.

The father of James William Cole, named Daniel Cole (1814-1898) was a businessman in London in his middle age. During that time he lived at Chace Farm in South Mimms and also in Barnett, Msex. He undoubtedly, knew some of his many cousins in the British gentry and peerage who frequented London. In this way, he could have arranged for his son James William to rent Water End farm from the 7th Earl of Cowper, whose grandmother was also named Cole, Lady Henrietta Frances Cole, to be specific. But as explained after the map below, Daniel Cole probably knew Lady Henrietta Frances Cole and undoubtedly, her son-in-law, George Augustus, the 6th Earl of Cowper, back in Daniel's place of birth in the town of Haynes, Bedfordshire.

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thumb: Lady Henrietta Frances Cole (1784-1848)

Lady Henrietta Frances Cole (1784-1848)

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thumb: Map: Haynes And Silsoe))

Map: Haynes (And Silsoe) width:6 km

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thumb: The Gardeners Chronicle..1902

The Gardeners Chronicle..1902

Daniel Cole was born in Haynes. His parents, James Cole and Maria Line, were not rich and they inhabited Hammer Hill farm. Lady Henrietta Frances Cole and her husband, Thomas P W de Grey, were very rich and owned Wrest Park in Silsoe (see Source 17). They all lived within 3 miles of St Mary's church in Haynes Church End which was probably their church. Mary Cole (1811-1880), a daughter of James Cole and Maria Line is certainly buried at St Mary's. I have seen her tombstone in the churchyard.

Silsoe, Haynes Church End and Hammer Hill Farm all appear on the map shown above. The label for Silsoe is at the center of the very bottom of the map. Hammer Hill Farm is not labelled but is represented by the yellow star at the top, just above the word "Haynes". The scale of the map can be estimated knowing that the distance from Silsoe to Haynes Church End is only 3 miles. These small villages are difficult to find on most other maps, but Clophill, just above Silsoe, is large enough to be found on most maps.

Wrest Hall [Silsoe,Beds.]: Earl Cowper

The following article (Source 16), from the first 1 1/2 columns of page 387, of The Gardeners Chronicle, published in 1902, demonstrates that the 7th Earl Cowper was alive and employed a gardener (gr.) at Wrest Park in 1902. (In 1902 James William Cole and my grandfather, Charley, were living at Waterend House.) Mention of Earl Cowper has been highlighted in bold type in the article below:

November 22, 1902.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
387
. . . .
Grapes being particularly good in quality and satisfactory in point of numbers.
The chief class in those open to gardeners and amateurs is that in which the Victoria Memorial is offered for twenty vases of Chrysanthemums in twenty varieties, three blooms of each, the prizes being respectively Plate value £20, given by the Edinburgh civic authorities, and £ 0; £.0, £15, £10, and £5. For these handsome prizes there were seven competitors, and the tussle for 1st place was betwixt Mr. R. Kenyon, gr. to A. F. Hills, Esq , Monkhams, Woodford Green, Essex ; and Mr. T. Lunt, gr. to Captain Stirling, Keir House, Dunblane. The English blooms at first sight looked much the heavier, but they were generally less fresh than those from Keir, less well staged, and certainly might have been dressed a little more to advantage [!] The Scotch blooms, on the other hand, were beautifully staged, and every good point of the blooms emphasized, while many of these were of great depth and substance. The result was a victory to Mr. Lunt by the narrow margin of seven points. His varieties comprised in the back row : Lady Ridgway, Cal vat ’99, Mrs. E. Ilummell, Princess B. de Braucova, white, of wonderful depth, the Silver Medal for best Japanese in this section being awarded to one of these ; J. R. Upton. E. Shrimpton, and Loveliness, all extra fine; second row: C. Jarvis, Miss E. Fulton. Mrs. E. Mileham, M. Louis Rémy, Mrs. Barkley, and M. Gustave Henri; front row: Mrs. W. Preece, H. Weeks, Edith Tabor, Lady Crawshaw, Mrs. S. Foyett, Mr. H. Weeks, and Madame de Rosseau. Of Mr. Kenyon’s exhibit, mention may be made of M. Clienon de Leché, Duchess of Sutherland, Mons. Louis Rémy, Bessie Godfrey, Lord Ludlow, and Australie, as particularly good; 3rd prize, Mr. Nicoll, gr. to J. W. Bell, Esq., Rossie House, Forgandenny; 4th, Mr. Beisant, gr. to Mrs. Armstrong, Castle Huntly, Longforgan. In class 2 for the Scottish Challenge Cup and £10, offered for twelve vases of Japanese Chrysanthemums, in twelve varieties, three blooms of each, open to Scottish Gardeners and amateurs only. There were ten competitors, but the blooms were all distinctly inferior to those in the class just noted. 1st, Mr. Cummins, gr. to Lady Stewart, Grautully Castle, Aberfeldy; 2nd, Mr. McLean, gr to D. Thomson, Esq. Greenfield House, Alloa; 3rd, Mr. Nicholson, Strathallan Castle, Machane.

For twelve Japanese Chrysanthemums, distinct, Mr. Kenyon was 1st, with W. R. Church and Mrs. W. Mease in extra good condition ; Mr. Lunt 2nd. The best four vases of Japanese Chrysanthemums in four varieties, six blooms of each, were shown by Mr. Nicoll; and Mr. Norman, gr. to the Earl of Mar, Alloa House, was 2nd.

For four vases of Japanese Chrysanthemum blooms, six blooms in each, the prizes went in the order named to Messrs. Lunt, Kidd, McLean, and Norman. For four vases of Japanese Chrysanthemum blooms, in four varieties, three blooms in each, Mr. Lumley, Broomliall, Dunfermline; Mr. R. Whannel, Drumhouse, Greenend ; and Mr. K. Mackenzie, Cambua Cottage, Stirling, were 1st, 2nd, and 3rd respectively. For two vases of twelve Chrysanthemum blooms, six blooms in each, Mr. Baird, Arnsbeg, Cambus, was 1st, and Mr. Whannel 2nd.

The incurved varieties were very few in number, Mr. Martin alone staging in the class for twelve blooms distinct.

For the best new Chrysanthemum not in commerce, Messrs. Wells & Co., Earlswood, Surrey, were 1st with W. Duckham, a large incurved Japanese, silvery pink in hue, or as some ODe called it, "shrimp pink.” Mr. Godfrey. Exmouth, securing 2nd for Pantia Ralli. The Medal for the best incurved bloom was won by Messrs. Wells & Co.

Group of Chrysanthemums.
In the plant classes the chief prize was for a group of Chrysanthemums, foliage, and other flowering plants, arranged for effect on the floor, within a space of 20 feet by 10 feet.

Mr. Wood, Canna Lane, with a bold mass, circular in form, secured the 1st prize; Mr. Hunt, Lansdowne House, Murray Field, being 2nd. The exhibitor last- named secured 1st prize in the chief Japanese plant class, but the plants, as already noted, were very late. Among other plants the six Draccenas from Mr. Lunt, eight decorative plants from Mr. Adam Knight, and the Begonias Gloire de Lorraine from Mr. Young were good examples of cultivation.

Fruit.
As already noted, fruit was specially good. For a collection, eight sorts, Mr. Kidd was 1st [;] with good Grapes, Apples, and Pears ; Mr. McIntyre, gr. to Sir C. Tennant, Bart., The Glen, Innerleithen, 2nd [Ed. Note: ; and finally] the Peaches, Monarch Plums. Apples, and Pears very good, Mr. MacKinlay, gr. to Earl Cowper, Wrest Hall, Bedfordshire, 3rd.

For four bunches of Grapes, Mr. Leslie, PitculleD, with fine Muscat of Alexandria and Gros Colman, was 1st; Mr. Kidd 2nd; and Mr. Wann, gr. to Lord Balfour of Burleigh, 3rd. For two bunches Mr. Kirk was 1st with beautifully finished Gros Maroc and Muscat of Alexandria, as also for two perfect bunches of Muscat of Alexandria.

Other varieties were well shown.
Apples formed a capital display, the chief prizes going to Mr. Martin, Corndean Hall ; Mr. MacKinlay, Wrest Park ; and Mr. Moir, Rosehaugh, who also was most successful in the classes for Pears.

Vegetables
were particularly fine. The collections of ten and six sorts respectively, with which Mr. Waldie, Dollar-beg-Dollar, secured the 1st prize for these, being extra good.

Floral Designs.
Prizes of £20, £15, and £10 were offered for exhibits of floral desigos, but only one competitor, Messrs. Todd & Co, Shandwick Placc, entered. It, however, formed the marked feature of the show, for taste in arrangement and the harmonious blending of colours was worthy of all praise.

Of the miscellaneous exhibits only the chief can be mentioned, and that of Mr. W. J. Godfrey, of Exmouth, was certainly the most remarkable, consisting as it did of masses of the finest Chrysanthemums, to these being attached some zonal Pelargoniums and Carnations. The group as a whole was awarded the only Gold Medal. First-class Certificates were awarded to F.S. Vallis, clear yellow, with reflexed, drooping petals ; and to Bessie Godfrey, fine yellow, with incurving petals ; and to Pantia Ralli, a special award. Mr. Wells, Earlswood, Surrey, had a small but attractive lot of blooms, an Award being given to these two. First-class Certificates were awarded to Mrs. T. W. Pockett (soft yellow), and Mrs. A. MacKinlay (pure white).
The reporter can only hint at the sixty baskets of Potatos from Messrs. DOBBIE & Co.; tbe vegetables and new Potatos from Mr. Scarlet, Invere k ; Grapes and Tomatos from Messrs. Thomson, Clovenfords; the Carnations from Leicester; the fine group of ornamental shrubs from Mr. Downie, Beecli-hill; and the exhibits of Messrs. Laird & Co., Dickson & Co.. Dickson & Sons, and Messrs. I. House & Sons, Bristol. The exhibition was opened by Earl of Haddington, K T., on the first day, a very large audience being in attendance, and the attendance on that day was one of the largest the Society has ever had. The judges and others dined as usual at the Royal British Hotel.

Florence Court

The wealthy William Willoughby Cole (1736-1803), mentioned previously, is the grandson of the famous John of Florence-court COLE (1680-1726). John built the grandiose castle in Ireland, shown below, to commemorate his wife, Florence Wrey. More information about John of Florence-court can be found at Source 13. The magnificent house on the right is called Wrest House (Source 18), the manor of Wrest Park. It was designed by Thomas Phillip WR de Grey (1781-1859) and built in 1834-1839. He and his wife, Henrietta Frances Cole, lived in Wrest Park in their latter years. Henrietta Frances Cole was the wealthy daughter of William Willoughby Cole. Imagery associated with Google Maps provides an amazing 360 degree Photo-Sphere of the front yard of Wrest Park (and from other points of view). Within Google Maps, search for "Wrest Park, Luton, United Kingdom" (Source 35). This mansion replaced an older but equally impressive house that existed prior to 1708.

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Florence Court

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"WrestHouse3" by Nigel Cox. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0

Waterend House Barn

Both photos (below) are of Waterend Barn before it was relocated. The photos were taken from the south bank of the River Lea.

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thumb: WaterEnd near Wheathampstead Summer 1947

WaterEnd near Wheathampstead Summer 1947

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thumb: Waterend House Barn

Waterend House Barn

In 2005, DCole discovered a web page at WaterEndBarn By Wyman that described the relocation of the WaterEnd Barn to St Albans where it became a pub. See Sources 28 and 29. A recent owner is Robert COLES, who is probably not related to James William COLE.

In 2005, DCole discovered a web page at Source 20 that described, in detail, the parish story of Ayot St. Peter. The information was produced under the guidance of Peter Shirley as co-ordinator and editor in chief. A portion of this is listed below. It describes the tenant of Brocket Hall at the time that James William COLE was a tenant farmer of WaterEnd House. A copy of this writing is stored under the name of "Parish_History_of_Ayot_St_Peter.htm" on a computer owned by DCole. ....

George, Lord Mountstephen (1829-1921) was tenant of Brocket Hall from 1892 until his death. He was President of the Bank of Montreal and first President of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He established the Ayot St. Peter and Lemsford Nursing Home, known as the Mountstephen Trust. The nursing home was closed and sold in 1952. The proceeds of sale were allocated as to two thirds to Lemsford and one third to Ayot St. Peter. On 26 March 1996 Ayot St. Peter PCC received the sum of £6,689.41 following the winding-up of this charity.

Under his will dated 18 September 1934 the 1st Lord Brocket (who died just under nine weeks later on 21 November) left £250 to the rector to be applied for the benefit of the poor of the parish of Ayot St. Peter. Like the two Charities of John Henry Peacock, Lord Brocket’s Charity for the Poor still exists. It has registered number 258076 and at the beginning of 2000 it had assets totalling approximately £225. It is proposed, during 2000, to wind up these three small charities (following the proper procedures laid down by the Charity Commission) and to remit their assets to Ayot St. Peter PCC. .....

Map of Brocket Hall area

Shown below, on the left, is a map of the Brocket Hall area. More is said about the Brocket Hall and Brocket Estate later in this article. In the top left corner of the map, the road between James's Wood and Marford Rd is Water End Lane. This very straight lane running NorthEast from the city of St. Albans to Welwyn (and beyond) is purported to be an ancient Roman road. [In Roman times the name of St.Albans was Verulanium.] Travelling SouthWest, after Water End Lane crosses Marford Road, its name becomes Coleman Green Lane. The name Coleman Green probably has no connection to the family of James William Cole who inhabited Waterend House around the year 1900. Waterend House is just North of the point where Water End Lane crosses the river Lee (also called the River Lea). Travelling NorthEast after crossing the river Lee, Waterend House is on the East side of the lane. Wheathampstead is about 1.5 miles West along Marford Rd (now B653). At the time when Charles COLE was living in Waterend House (circa 1901) as a child, Brocket Hall was a manor, not a Golf Club as it is now in 2014. In 1907 Charles Cole emmigrated to Canada where he settled in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Welwyn lies to the North East a few miles North along the A1(M). Nearby, South-West of Waterend House, on the South bank of the river Lee, another famous house is located. It is called White Cottage.

To use GoogleMaps to view the Brocket Hall area: Click Here. The exact coordinates of Brocket Hall are: 51°48'09.9"N 0°14'25.5"W.
Click here: Waterend House to view Waterend House using GoogleMaps Street View. Many photos of the immediate area are also available here, including a photo of White Cottage.

There are many walking paths in the area. One well-known path is the Lee Valley Walk along the River Lee from Leagrave to the Thames river. An entrance to this path going NorthWest is about 15 meters south of the entrance to Waterend House. This portion of the walk, heading south, is described as follows:

"The path descends into the Lea Valley, passing under the railway lines before crossing the B653 [Marford Road]. The route now follows the track of a disused railway, the former Luton, Dunstable and Welwyn Junction line. After Harpenden the path leaves the railway track and heads uphill into Wheathampstead, then it goes through the village, past the church, and crosses over to the other bank of the river. The path now follows the river towards Water End Lane and the grounds of Brocket Hall where it crosses the middle of a golf course on its way towards Lemsford. The path goes under the A1 road to Stanborough Park."

The river Lee continues Eastward through Welwyn Garden City to the city of Hertford where the river Lee canal system begins. Barges and river boats can follow the Lee Navigation system which leads to the Thames river.

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thumb: Map of Brocket Hall area

Map of Brocket Hall area

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Bridge across the Lee

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Hertford Basin

The photo (above center) of the bridge across the Lee was taken from the Waterend House side looking SouthWest. The White Cottage can be seen in the top left corner of this photo.

Brocket Estate

James COLE rented Waterend House and Waterend Farm from the owner or tenant of Brocket Estates.

Between 1893 and 1921 the manor house at Brocket Hall was rented and one of its residents was Lord Mount Stephen who was part of the consortium which built the Canadian Pacific Railroad. Brocket’s tradition for excellent entertainment, and ample opportunities for shooting attracted him. The photo of Brocket Hall Manor below shows how grand the estate is. Brocket Hall is located where the river Lee is the widest. This is not by accident. Apparently, a dam was built on the river Lee in order to create the BroadWater by the Manor. Of course, this raised the water level of the river Lee making it more difficult to cross the river near WaterEnd House. For this reason, a foot-bridge was built for pedestrian traffic. Eventually, a vehicle bridge was also built permitting WaterEnd Road to cross the river.

If the trees were removed from the photo of the Manor, WaterEnd House would be on the horizon near the right hand side of the photo.

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Brocket-Hall

Waterend House (1904)

On the left (below) is a photo of Waterend House in 1904 at the time when Charles COLE was living there as a child. An enlarged view of this postcard shows a man facing us, with his back to the front door. Probably he is my great-grandfather, James William COLE shown below. On the right of this photo, a portion of the WaterEnd Barn (now relocated) can be seen. The former barn area has now become a wide area of lawn and garden.

Below, on the right, is an earlier photo (1895) of a drawing from Source 45, showing the West side of WaterEnd House. This side is rarely seen due to the many deciduous trees on that side of the house.

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thumb: Waterend House (1904)

Waterend House (1904)

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Waterend House (1895)

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Charles (Charley) COLE (1884-1966)

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James William COLE (1851-1923)

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Actual gravestone of Cole James W in 2022

Charles (Charley) Percy COLE (Born 13 May 1884 in Sandridge, Hertford, Eng Died 15 Mar 1966 in Moose Jaw, SK, Canada)

Charley's first home, Water End House, is located about 1.5 miles east of Wheathamstead, where a small bridge permits the ancient Roman road (now called Waterend Lane) to cross the river Lea. In earlier days before the bridge was built, travellers along the Roman road would ford across the river at this location. The height of the river Lee was raised here when the lake was created in front of the Brocket Manor. The lake was created by building the equivalent of a small dam.

Additional information is available at the author's web site ColeDavid.com. Other photos and more of the history of Water End Farm can be found at Source 10.

Water End House has been maintained in very good condition until at least the 1990's when the author last visited it. The census of 1881 lists his father, James COLE, but does not list Charles, indicating (of course) that he was born after 1881. The census of 1885 shows that the infant Charley, his parents and the rest of their family were living in WaterEnd House in Sandridge. One day, by accident, Charles was severely burned inside WaterEnd House near one of the fireplaces. The left side of his face was noticeably scarred and his ear was burned almost completely off. He could still hear well with the disfigured ear. However, in time, he became quite deaf in the other ear.

In the census of 1885, Charles COLE is shown to be living at Water End Farm near Sandridge, Hertford, England. Herbert BRIMLEY, a childhood friend of Charley's is also mentioned in this census [1885]. Herbert's father, William BRIMLEY (1842-1899) was employed by Charley's father, James COLE at Water End farm. A neighbor, Willm BRIMBY, age 32, is listed in the 1881 census, but this is probably a different person although the pronunciation of the two surnames is very similar.

Charles was born at Water End House in Sandridge, Hertford, England near Wheathampstead. Charles left Wheathampstead, England (a few miles north of St. Albans) around 1907 to emigrate to Canada where he settled in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Florence KINGSLAND, a childhood friend of his, also from England, also emigrated to Canada around the same time. Eventually, they were living together and purchased a home in Moose Jaw at 1027 Ominica St. E. where both their children, Gladys (1914-2003) and Victor (1918-2010, were born. No record of their official marriage has been found. But Florence nee Kingsland COLE was married to a Herbert Edward Johnson in England in 1904. No record of a divorce was ever found. Florence moved to Canada shortly after separating from him. When Vic was a child, his parents invited an orphan, living next door, Art WOOLGAR (1908-c2000) to live with them. For the six years that Art lived with them, Vic learned much from Art, whom Vic considered to be like an older brother. Note that Art was 10 years older than Vic and 6 years older than Glad.

James William COLE (1851-1921)

As of 2022, the gravestone of James William COLE can be easily found. Forscher photographed it in 2022 and wrote:
If you stand in Brewhouse Hill and face the front of the church the stones are all on the left hand side in the area in front of the church arranged perpendicular to the front face of the church. I believe that that the property behind the wall in the photograph is number 24 Brewhouse Hill - if you zoom right in on Google map the house next door is marked as 24. There is no back yard to the church as this is taken up by the Chapel Halls. The church itself is currently no longer used.
The grave of James William COLE appears at the extreme left of the photo below:

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Tombstone of James William COLE (1851-1923) on the extreme left

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Actual grave of Cole James W in 2022

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Inscription on gravestone of Cole James W in 2022

The Lea Valley Walk

A portion of the Lea Valley Walk goes past The Bull pub which is shown below. The following maps illustrate the portion of the Lea Valley Walk through Wheathampstead up to Water End House.

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thumb:The Bull Pub in Wheathampstead

The Bull Pub in Wheathampstead

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thumb:St Helen's church in Wheathampstead

St Helen's church in Wheathampstead

A portion of the Lea Valley Walk passes through Wheathampstead and then goes past Waterend House. Use the preceding map to follow the first portion of the walk through Wheathampstead. Leigh Hatts (Source 1) describes the walk through Wheathampstead and on to Water End Farm as follows:

. . . . . the far side the path is alongside back gardens (left) before becoming metalled and following a double bend to a residential road called High Meads. Turn left and right downhill [along Bury Green], past Ash Grove (left) towards the Old School with its bell tower. At the bottom [of Bury Green] bear left past the post box [onto Church St.] and [immediately] go left through a gate into the [St Helen's] churchyard at Wheathampstead.

Wheathampstead means `homestead where wheat is grown`. Edward the Confessor granted the manor to Westminster Abbey, whose monks received wheat from here. The present mill, on the original site in the High Street, is 16th-century but with a Victorian brick frontage. St Helen's church was completed in 1340 and its unusual spire (likened to an upturned ice cream cornet and admired by John Betjeman) added in 1865. In the north transept there is a memorial to Apsley Cherry-Garrard, who found Captain Scott's body in the Antarctic in 1912. Cherry-Garrard lived at Lamer Park manor house where, influenced by his neighbour, George Bernard Shaw, he wrote an account of the British Antarctic expedition called `The Worst Journey In the World`. The Jacobean pulpit comes from Lamer Park's chapel.

The Bull Inn [closed as of 2015, the photo above is by Frank Warner] is a Tudor building which has been an inn since 1617. Early guests include General Monck, who stayed during the Civil War and Izaak Walton, who fished all along the Lea.

[The walk from St Helen's Church to Water End Farm will be approximately 3 km.] After passing the church (left), follow the path to the churchyard's far [North-East] corner. Pass through the narrow gateway and turn right to the road. Go left along the High Street [B651] and at The Bull turn right down East Lane. Where East Lane turns away to the right, keep ahead on Meads Lane to reach a grassed area.

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thumb: Lea Valley Walk near Water End

Lea Valley Walk near Water End

Go over the bridge spanning the Lea and follow a path to a junction. Turn right downstream with the river to the right. Keep through all gateways to reach a lane. After the second gate there are steps to the left for a shortcut. Turn left to go under a bridge, and at once go right up steps and bear right along a fenced way. Beyond a kissing gate turn left across a field. Pass a field corner and just before the end go through a kissing gate on the right. Continue in the same direction alongside a fence (right).

The way follows the wide sweep of grass by the meandering river (right). After a kissing gate the river is lost over to the right as the path runs below a bank (left). Soon the way becomes grassed, and later runs into a wood where the river makes a brief appearance. Keep forward at a junction and meet a lane at Waterend. Opposite is Water End farm.

The house at Water End Farm was built in 1610 for the grandfather of Sarah Jennings, who as Countess of Marlborough became a powerful member of Queen Anne's court. Sarah was born at the house in 1660, and here she and the young Princess Anne may have played together as children. Of Sarah's many houses only Water End and Blenheim Palace remain unchanged. The Water End Lane is on the line of a Roman road from Braughing, which was a Roman town and the junction for traffic passing between East Anglia and Verulamium (St Alban's).

Turn right down the lane to a ford [across the River Lea]. Just before the water go left along a path. As the river disappears the way leads along the bottom of two fields with a fir wood on the hill to the left. There is a brief glimpse of the river (right) before the now narrow path meets a junction on the edge of the Brocket Estate. . . . . .

Churches of My COLE Ancestors

Ancient St Helens church at Wheathampstead

The photo below is a painting of "Hounds and Horses by The Bull Hotel, High Street, Wheathampstead 1902". It is signed E.F. Holt dated 1902. Notice the spire of St Helen's Church in the top right corner.

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Hounds and Horses by The Bull Hotel, High Street, Wheathampstead 1902

Many COLE ancestors are buried at St Helens Church in Wheathampstead, which is located about 1.5 miles West of Waterend House. The photo below of St Helens church was taken in 1930. David KC COLE, the author of this article, visited Waterend House for the first time in 1964. It was Leslie COLE (the cousin of Victor COLE, David's father) who was kind enough to show David both WaterEnd House and St. Helens church for the first time. More information can be found about St Helens church here. It is said that the original church was built before the Norman conquest (which was around 1050).

The more ancient COLE ancestors came from Bedfordshire, many from the town of Haynes (formerly known as Hawnes). Daniel COLE (1814-1898), the father of James William Cole (1851-1923), was born in Hawnes, Beds. Daniel Cole married Emma COLES on 28 NOV 1848. Her maiden name was indeed COLES and she had a common COLE ancestor with husband Daniel. Daniel died on 12 May 1898. Hawnes, Beds. is approximately 30 kilometers North of Wheathampstead, Herts. Haynes (also spelled Hawnes, Bedfordshire) is located 10km south of the city of Bedford. The parents of Daniel Cole were parishoners of St. Mary's Church at Haynes Church End, which is about 1 mile West of Haynes village. At the time, they occupied Hammer Hill farm, which is located a mile or so North of Haynes.

Les COLE (and his daughter Ann) say that some older COLES are buried in St Helen's churchyard, but I have not seen their gravestones there. Presumably the older COLEs buried there are Daniel COLE and his wife Emma COLE. Leslie COLE [fsid: LKP9-HTR ] and his wife Stella O COLE nee SEABROOK [fsid: L7JP-Z5D ] are both buried at St. Helens. Further down in this article is a photo of my parents standing behind the gravestone of Leslie and Stella COLE. There was a reference at Wheathampstead families that lists the inscription on their gravestone:

At St Helen's Church
Leslie W Cole/ 15.5.1903 - 18.2.1982/ and/ Stella O Cole/ 6.1.1902 - 6.3.1983/ "Reunited"

James William COLE, the grandfather of Leslie COLE and Victor COLE, was buried at the United Reformed Church in Wheathampstead (photo below). The following reference: Wheathampstead families about James William COLE includes his tombstone inscription:

At the United Reformed Church
ILMO James William Cole/ who died July 5th 1923/ aged 72 years/ "Resting"/ also/ Edith Sarah/ eldest daughter of the above/ who died April 6th 1930/ aged 50 years/ "Thy will be done"/ also Sarah Ann loving wife/ and mother of the above/ who fell asleep July 5th 1939/ aged 84 years.

For many years, I did not understand why I could find the inscription on their tombstones but never a photo of their tombstones. In fact I could never find a graveyard associated with the United Reformed Church (which still exists). Eventually, I was studying a photo of the United Reformed Church and I noticed that there were many tombstones in the front yard of the church. The graveyard of the church must have been sold, probably to allow for the building of a new school located nearby. Some kind souls must have listed the inscriptions on these tombstones and published it on the web. Hopefully some day, before they are lost or crumble, someone will inspect the tombstones to see if my conjecture is correct. Recently, a kind soul, photographed some tombstones that had not be moved. Among them was the tombstone of James William COLE ((-1923). See his memories at FamilySearch for a photo of his tombstone.

My oldest known COLE ancestor came from Willington, Bedfordshire, England. He was John Cole. More information about him and his descendants can be found here John COLE in this online Family Tree.

The photo of St. Helen's church (below) was taken in 1930, just 20 years after Charles COLE immigrated to Canada. St. Mary's church, near Haynes, Beds. in the second photo is where the COLE ancestors worshipped.

United Reformed Church

The address of the United Reformed Church at Wheathampstead is:

Brewhouse Hill
AL4 8DQ Wheathampstead
Hertfordshire

Church Pictures

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thumb: St Helens church in Wheathampstead

St Helens church in Wheathampstead

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thumb: St Marys church in Haynes

St Marys church in Haynes

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thumb: St Marys churchyard in Haynes

St Marys churchyard in Haynes
by Hugh J Griffiths 2015

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thumb: United Reformed Church in Wheathampstead

United Reformed Church in Wheathampstead

Views of St Helens church at Wheathampstead

More information about St Helen's Church is available at this site: St Helen's Parish Church where more photos below can be found.

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thumb: St Helens church (1931)

St Helens church (1931)

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thumb: St Helens church (modern view)

St Helens church (modern view)

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thumb: St Helens church (various headstones)

St Helens church (various headstones)

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thumb: Marion & Vic COLE visiting grave of Les & Stella COLE

Marion & Vic COLE visiting grave of Les & Stella COLE at St.Helens church

Ancient History of the Wheathampstead Area

Wheathampstead is a village and civil parish in the City and District of St Albans, in Hertfordshire, England. Settlements in this area were made about 50 BC by Belgae invaders. They moved up the rivers Thames and Lea from what is now Belgium. Evidence of them was found in Devil's Dyke, at the eastern side of Wheathampstead. The Devil's Dyke earthworks are part of the remains of an ancient settlement of the Catuvellauni tribe and thought to have been the tribe's original capital. The capital was moved to Verlamion (which after the Roman conquest, the Romans would rename Verulamium, which in turn would become modern St Albans) in about 20 BC. The Devil's Dyke is reputedly where Julius Caesar defeated Cassivellaunus in 54 BC, although this claim is disputed. Some historians suggest that the Dyke was part of the same defensive rampart as nearby Beech Bottom Dyke, which, if correct, would make the area one of the largest and most important British Iron Age settlements. Later, the village is recorded in the Domesday book under name Watamestede. Foundation stone laid 16th May 1876. (Wikipedia text added by Geoffrey Gillon) from Source 11 by Geoffrey Gillon in his notes about the United Reform Church where James William Cole (Source 12) and his wife were buried.

Julius Caesar's Conquest at Devils Dyke in 54 B.C.

The Romans invaded Britain around 50 A.D. and stayed for hundreds of years. But Source 14 describes an earlier decisive battle by Julius Caesar himself, which took place in Wheathampstead at a location named Devil's Dyke [, the Moat and The Slad].

The deep ditch, named Devil's Dyke, along Dyke Lane, is located between St. Helen's church and Waterend House, about 1/2 a mile East of St. Helen's church. Read the following account from Source 14, based on a translation of Caesar's recorded notes:

. . . [The British king] Cassivellaunus had used what remained of his authority with those tribes still loyal to him, those who’s kings were called Cingetorix, Carvillius, Taximagulus and Segonax to rally their warriors, and assemble them ready for an all out attack on the fortified landing site and beached fleet of ships, which were Caesar’s sole line of communication with Gaul. Likely as a result of an uncoordinated attack by the rival British kings, they were soon defeated with heavy losses, to such a degree that news of the disaster was immediately sent north to Cassivellaunus. He however, had trouble enough of his own to contend with. Caesar had discovered the whereabouts of his main camp [i.e. the main camp of Cassivellaunus], which had been fortified with ditches and earthen walls. Approaches to the camp were made difficult by the proximity of dense woodlands and bog-land. It must have seemed a formidable place to assault. It was not however Caesar’s way, to procrastinate, and he launched an attack from two directions, which was decisive. The British fled to an enclave within the camp where "A great many cattle was found there, and many of the enemy were taken and slain in their flight." The location of this last stand it has been claimed, was at the earthwork known today as Devil’s Dyke, at Wheathampstead, in Hertfordshire, just north of the later Roman settlement called Verulanium, today called, St. Albans. Evidence of Belgic occupation of the site circa 50 B.C., was discovered by Sir Mortimer Wheeler, when he excavated there in the 1930’s. The ditch has been estimated as being130 feet wide at the top, and 40 feet deep, and though much eroded, much of it’s impressiveness can still be envisaged there today. It may be surmised that this earthwork was linked to another very close by, called the Stad, being as they are, even today almost linked by a wet ditch called The Moat. If these three features were combined in 54 B.C. they would have made an enormous rectangular enclosure defended on at least three sides. The northern side, is seemingly open, although it might be possible that any defensive features on this side have been lost. A display board in a local museum says "For at least 100 years before the Roman Conquest in AD 43 this part of Hertfordshire was the heartland of a powerful and aggressive tribe known as Catuvellauni, Celtic for 'expert warrior'..... The earliest capital of the Catuvellauni is likely to have been at Wheathampstead. ..... Here are massive earthworks known as Devil's Dyke. ......... This was attacked by Julius Caesar in 54 BC. " Cassivellaunus, learning of the betrayal of several tribes, the massive defeat on the Kent coast, which added to the devastation of his own lands, and the huge loss of life of his people and his warriors, had no other option but to sue for peace. Though the intermediary, Commius, an Atrebatian, arrangements were made for the hand over of hostages, and the payment of tribute to Rome. Agreement was also extracted for Cassivellaunus not to take revenge, or make war upon either Mandubratius, or the Trinovantes as a whole. News had arrived that revolt had broken out in Gaul, and Caesar was desperate to return there to restore Roman authority. Consequently, subsequent to the reception of the hostages and tribute, the legions made their way back to the waiting fleet, who’s losses had been replaced, and repairs all but completed ready for the embarkation of the army and it’s acquired masses of prisoners. The season too made it imperative that the crossing be made with dispatch, as the equinoctial storms were soon expected, and Caesar needed his legions intact for Gaul. So it was that the Roman army left British shores, not to return for almost a hundred years, a hiatus which was to see many changes, both in Rome, and in Britain. . . .

Devil's Dyke walk in Wheathampstead (Source 15)

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thumb: Devil's Dyke Walk in Wheathampstead

Devil's Dyke Walk in Wheathampstead

© AA Media Limited 2015.
© Crown Copyright Licence number 100021153
5 miles - 2 hrs

1 Turn right past the Bull, go over the River Lea bridge and then turn right into Mount Road. At a bridleway sign follow the track, waymarked 'Lea Valley Walk'. You will emerge in open countryside to wind alongside the river.

2 Go through a gate with the bypass embankment ahead of you, and turn right. Go between some fences and through another gate, then bear right on to a metalled track, re-crossing the Lea. Now on Sheepcote Lane, go uphill, over the main road into Dyke Lane.

3 By Tudor Road go left on to a footpath along the remarkably deep ditch of Devil's Dyke. Emerging at a lane, turn left and follow it, then go right at a footpath sign opposite Beech Hyde Farm. Now on a grass track amid arable fields, pass modern housing to the right, to reach a road.

4 Cross the road to a footpath signposted 'Nomansland', and turn left on to a tarmac track - the road runs parallel, to your left. Walk downhill to the Wicked Lady pub and turn right on to the access drive to Wheathampstead Cricket Club. Pass behind the pavilion to a footpath. Turn left past some cricket nets, the path winding through trees. Across a clearing, ignore a path to the right and continue through the trees to another clearing. Head towards a bench in an oak copse, then to another bench where the path bears right to the road.

5 At Nomansland car park you turn right into Down Green Lane, which leads off the common. At a crossroads carry straight on, past the Elephant and Castle pub.

6 Shortly, opposite Weavers Cottage, go left at a footpath sign and up a few steps. The path passes a golf course, then crosses some cultivated land to reach a road, Pipers Lane. Turn right.

7 At a T-junction go straight across and over a stile, heading diagonally left across pasture to a stile and right on to a track. Turn immediately right on to a muddy track which shortly turns left downhill between horse fences, then right over a stile. After about a mile (1.6km) housing appears on the left, the path becomes tarmac and jinks to a road.

8 Go left into High Meads and then right to descend into Wheathampstead. At Bury Green go left to the church. From the churchyard go left into the High Street and the end of the walk.

Ancient Maps

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thumb: Map of Hertfordshire c1600

Map of Hertfordshire c1600
Wheatemstead is above the word "HUNDRED" of DACORUM HUNDRED
Brockethall is midway between words "DACORUM HUNDRED" and "HARTFORD HUNDRED"
(The faint lines are probably public footpaths of that time.)

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thumb: WaterEnd house is on this 1808 map of the Wheathampstead / Welwyn area

WaterEnd house is on this 1808 map of the Wheathampstead / Welwyn area
( facing the building touching the "d" of Chalkdel )
Note the use of the "long-S" in the word Wheathempstead.
Printing of the "long-S" was rare after 1800.

Celtic Tribes

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thumb: CoinUsingTribes_IronAge.jpg

CoinUsingTribes_IronAge.jpg

The above photo is from Source 23, which is Belgic Tribes . . . by Jean Manco ( 2011). It describes most of the Celtic Tribes and their coinage. A view of the html source code of Source 23 can be seen in Source 22 (which is a readable "view" of source code of Source 23.) In case Source 23 disappears, the next two sections are snapshots of his description of the two Celtic tribes that resided north of the Thames River, near present day London. The present-day city of St. Albans was called Verulamium by the Romans.

Catuvellauni Celtic Tribe

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thumb: Catuvellauni.jpg

Catuvellauni.jpg

Trinovantes Celtic Tribe

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Trinovantes.jpg

A Roman Road (Coleman Green Lane and WaterEnd Lane)

On the map of old Roman Roads (shown below right) from Source 24, the straight green line between St. Albans and Braughing represents Coleman Green Lane and WaterEnd Lane. This road (18 miles long) connects St. Albans to Ermine Street at Braughing. Some say it is a SouthWest extension of Stane Street (Via Devana on the photo), between Braughing and Colchester (not to be confused with a different Stane Street going south from London Bridge). The Old English name for Ermine Street was "Earninga Straete". The Roman name for any long road connecting many cities was a "Street". For example Ermine Street goes from London through Braughing, all the way to Lincoln and on to York in Northern England. It is also known as the "Old North Road". The modern highway numbers A10 and A15 follow much the same route. Parts of Roman "streets" were originally built with curves so gentle that the road seemed like a perfectly straight line.

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thumb: roman_roads_britain_150Metro.png

roman_roads_britain_150Metro

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thumb: CityConversions_txt.jpg

CityConversions_txt.jpg
Camulodunum (aka Victricensis)

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thumb: RomanRoad_Showing_Ermine_Street.jpg

RomanRoad_Showing_Ermine_Street.jpg

The above map on the left is a metro-rendition of the Ancient Roman Roads. This means that the city locations are not accurate and the roads are simplified by being straighter than normal. Click twice on the leftmost map for maximum magnification. The roads are also color coded as on a Metro map. The above map on the right is a magnified view of the roman roads that are of special interest to readers of this article.

Compare the above map (on the right) with that of present day GoogleMaps between St.Albans and Braughing (shown below). The two orange "stars" immediately to the left of "Ayot Green" (on the lower righthand map) represent WaterEnd House/Farm on WaterEnd Lane. Ayot Green and Ayot St Peter are described in detail in Source 20. My grandfather, Charles (Charley) Percy Cole (1884-1966) was raised on WaterEnd Farm. The two orange "stars" above Wheathampstead represent St Helen's Church and the Wheathampstead United Reform Church in Wheathampstead. Some of our more ancient Cole ancestors are buried in these two churchyards. Clicking on Source 25 will take you to WaterEnd House on GoogleMaps.

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thumb: GoogleMaps_StAlbansAndBraughing.jpg

GoogleMaps_StAlbansAndBraughing.jpg

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thumb: GoogleMaps_StAlbansToWelwyn.jpg

GoogleMaps_StAlbansToWelwyn.jpg

Book: "Historic Sandridge Revisited (Book 1)"

Janet R. Rose says:
The document "Historic Sandridge - the story of a Hertfordshire parish" which was published in 1952 is important because it is one of the best chronicles of Thrale history. It gives an insight into the bygone times in which Thrale families used to live, and includes useful information about the history of many Thrale family members. It is reproduced here (Book 1 shown below, see Source 31) with the kind consent of author, the late Richard Thrale. A member of the Thrale family bought the WaterEnd Barn (Source 30).

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thumb: Historic Sandridge Revisited

Historic Sandridge Revisited

External References:

Book Sources

Book 1: Rose, Janet R. et al "Historic Sandridge Revisited" ISBN: 0-9537647-0-2, 150 pages Pub: 1999 by St.Leonards Publishing

Web Sources

Web Source: S039:01: Lea Valley Walk

by Leigh Hatts
Web Source: S039:02: St Helen Churchyard at FindAGrave

by Geoffrey Gillon
Web Source: S039:03: St Mary The Virgin at Haynes Church End

as of 2015
Web Source: S039:04: St Mary Churchyard (at Haynes Church End) at FindAGrave

by wertypop as of 2015
Web Source: S039:05: 7th Earl of Cowper and his Grandfather, William Willoughby Cole

FamilySearch IDs: LHJW-FJG and L1QB-D18
Web Source: S039:06: 6th Earl of Cowper

WikiPedia
Web Source: S039:07: Book: www

The Genealogy of the Family of Cole...

by James Edwin-Cole Date: 1867
Web Source: S039:08: Gen: Princess Helena Cole
Web Source: S039:09: Book: Princess Helena
Web Source: S039:10:www

Water End, Sandridge

at Hertfordshire-Genealogy.ca.uk by Chris Reynolds
Web Source: S039:11: United Reform Church at FindAGrave

by Geoffrey Gillon
Web Source: S039:12: James William COLE at FindAGrave

by David Cole
Web Source: S039:13: Book: Coles Of Devon Article by David Cole
Web Source: S039:14:www

The Roman Invasions-Documents

by Corinne Mills and Richard Hayton in 2014
Web Source: S039:15:www

The Devil's Dyke Walk in Wheathampstead

by AA Media Limited 2015
Web Source: S039:16:www

The Gardeners Chronicle Jul-Dec 1902

via mocavo.com 2015
Web Source: S039:17:www

Thomas de Grey . . inherited Wrest Park Estate

Wikipedia: Thomas de Grey - 2015
Web Source: S039:18:www

Wrest Park Estate

Wikipedia: Wrest Park - 2015
Web Source: S039:19:www

Genealogy in Hertfordshire

by Chris Reynolds - 2015
Web Source: S039:20: Gen: St Peters (Ayot St. Peter) - The Parish Story
Web Source: S039:21: Gen: Water End House , Sandridge Pictures
Web Source: S039:22: Celtic Tribes / Coinage (view of html of Source 23)
Web Source: S039:23: Belgic Tribes . . . by Jean Manco, 2011
Web Source: S039:24: Roman Roads near Wheathampstead from "The Romans in Britain" by Sturmkatze Produktions
Web Source: S039:25: WaterEnd House on WaterEnd Lane (GoogleMaps)
Web Source: S039:26: James Paine (at Geni.com)
Web Source: S039:27: James Paine (at FamilySearch)
Web Source: S039:28: WaterEnd Barn (by J D Wetherspoon)
Web Source: S039:29: www

WaterEnd Barn by Harvey Wyman
Web Source: S039:30: Thrale family purchase WaterEnd Barn by David Thrale 16 Sep 2009
Web Source: S039:31: Historic Sandridge ... 1952 by RW Thrale webpage by David Thrale 28 Sep 2009
Web Source: S039:32: Daniel COLE at Family Search See memory document created by David KC COLE.
Web Source: S039:33: Herbert Brimley b Mar 1884 in Sandridge, Herts., England in Database "matt_hudson" by Matthew Hudson.
Web Source: S039:34: William Gutteridge Brimley in Willington, Beds., England in Marriage Table by Steven Gibbs.
Web Source: S039:35: Panoramic (360 degree) View of Wrest Park Manor in Beds., England picture by Dominic Bundy
Web Source: S039:36: Elizabeth Anne COLE ma John BRIMLEY in Willington, Beds., England at Ancestry.com
Web Source: S039:37: William Gutteridge BRIMLEY (1786-1867) born in Willington, Beds., England at Ancestry's new (in 2019) WorldConnect (beta)
Web Source: S039:38: WaterEnd House from Hertfordshire Life website.
Web Source: S039:39: Waterend House in the Brocket Estate from The Ayot Estate Website.
Web Source: S039:40: Water End Farm House, Sandridge-Wheathamstead ..... 1274110 from Wikimedia Commons (2020).
Web Source: S039:41: Google Books: A Topographical Dictionary of the United Kingdom...(containing 47 maps).. 1825 by Benjamin Pitts Caper, Esq printed by D. Sidney & Co, Northumberland-street, Strand.
Web Source: S039:42: WaterEnd in 1933 at Herts Memories website by an unknown photographer.
Web Source: S039:43: John Jenyns in `The History . . . of the Parish of Bottisham. . .` Vol 1, p 118 [Google Books] by Edward Hailstone puslished by Cambridge University Press in 1873
Web Source: S039:43: The Internet Archive: a collection of Internet Backups (since 1996) and scanned books, similar to Google Books Discovered by David KC COLE in 2020 and not yet explored.
Web Source: S039:44: Wayback Machine by The Internet Archive (discovered in July 2020 and not yet explored adequately.)
NB I found coledavid.com as of 2001CMar02 (earliest)
NB I found coledavid.com as of 2003BFeb16
Web Source: S039:45: From `A History of the County of Hertford` Volume 2, pages 432-438 Originally published by Victoria Country History, London, 1908.